Plastic materials are in most cases known for their high resistance to degradation processes, leading to their accumulation in the environment. Physical and biological agents can disaggregate plastics and bioplastics into micro- and nano-plastics, which pose potential toxicological and ecotoxicological issues. The identification and quantification of micro- and nano-plastics in complex matrixes such as soils, plants, foods and human tissues is uncertain, adding to the difficulty in understanding their potential risks. While plastic contamination in aquatic environments has been studied for decades, only recently the scientific community shifted its focus to terrestrial environments. Plastics and bioplastics contamination in agricultural affect physical, chemical and microbiological functions of soils. Crops can take up plastic particles and enter the food chain, leading to toxicological effects that are still being investigated and clarified. As plastics are an unavoidable component of agri-food chains, understanding the risks and developing mitigation strategies is crucial.